Nigeria’s international reputation can disadvantage entrepreneurs through a “liability of origin.” Interviews with 12 nation-branding practitioners and policymakers show that trust cannot be repaired quickly through slogans. Credible nation branding requires managing tensions between promises and delivery, and between demands for rapid reputational improvement and the slow pace of institutional reform.

This research examines the gendered experiences of women in sports media in Ireland and the UK. Through interviews, it reveals how visibility brings heightened scrutiny, abuse, and self-censorship. The work highlights the emotional toll of working in male-dominated media and calls for institutional support beyond surface-level representation.