This research examines how early modern German societies debated human identity through cases of atypical bodies. Religious, legal, and medical perspectives intersected to define personhood and normality. These historical debates shaped rights and inclusion, offering insights into contemporary bioethics and how societies determine what it means to be human.

This research examines the cultural history of swooning, showing how it shifted from a masculine trait in medieval romance to a feminised one in early modern theatre. Analysing English plays, it reveals evolving anxieties about emotional expression and gender, offering insights into how social norms continue to shape perceptions of vulnerability today.

This thesis reinterprets early modern English drama to argue that witchcraft plays critique political power rather than reinforce royal authority. By overturning the binary between kings and witches, these works portray rulers as tyrannical and question accusations of witchcraft, revealing how stories of witches shape ideas of power, blame, and misfortune.