This research develops new height–diameter models for key Spanish tree species to improve forest management planning. While initial models fit data visually, statistical performance remains weaker than current equations. Future work will incorporate stand-level variables such as basal area and dominant height to enhance accuracy and reduce estimation errors.

This study tested sustainable alternatives to sand for Texas rain-garden soils, using waste materials like crushed glass, oyster shell, and expanded shale mixed with clay. All alternatives performed as well as sand in draining stormwater. These findings support affordable, scalable, and environmentally friendly strategies to reduce urban flooding amid rising climate-driven flood risks.