This research uses a traffic analogy to explain gas transport challenges in carbon dioxide electrolysis devices. Despite identical porosity, microstructural connectivity determines performance under flooding conditions. Computational modelling reveals how pathway structure affects efficiency, guiding design improvements that enhance CO₂ conversion into fuels and chemicals, supporting scalable and cleaner energy technologies.

This research improves the reliability of metal 3D-printed parts by studying internal porosity using X-ray computed tomography and extreme value statistics. By modeling the largest, failure-critical pores and accounting for uncertainty and geometry effects, it enables better prediction of fatigue performance in aerospace and medical components.