Using a European energy system model, this research compares pathways to climate neutrality by 2050. Focusing on land transport, it shows that electric vehicles are already the cheapest system-wide option, even without emission limits. Early investment in electric car infrastructure accelerates decarbonization and reduces long-term costs across Europe.

Hydrocarbons drive modern society but fuel climate change when burned. This research converts hydrocarbons into carbon nanotubes and clean hydrogen instead. Using laser diagnostics to probe reactors, it reveals how nanotubes form, enabling higher production rates, industrial decarbonization, and advanced materials for a sustainable, low-carbon energy future.