This research develops methods to insert radioactive carbon isotopes into drug molecules, allowing scientists to track how medicines move, transform, and are eliminated in the body. By using catalysts to precisely label drugs, researchers can better understand drug behaviour and accelerate the development of safer, more effective medicines.

Chemical reactions are often slow and depend on catalysts. This research shows that simply applying electrical charge to a catalyst—without using energy—dramatically accelerates reactions, increasing rates tenfold for every 60 mV. A AA battery can reduce a universe-long reaction to one second, offering a powerful, sustainable route for chemical manufacturing.