This research investigates sound length in speech, comparing its physical and mental representation across languages. While English treats length as phonetic variation, languages like Japanese use it meaningfully. The study focuses on Persian to improve speech recognition and therapy, helping determine how sound duration is perceived, produced, and processed cognitively.

This research examines sound symbolism—the idea that certain sounds inherently convey meaning. Through cross-linguistic analysis of animal names, it investigates how phonetic features relate to perceived traits like size or danger. Findings could improve language learning, branding, and understanding of how human language evolved beyond arbitrary sound-meaning relationships.

This research explores how accents form in multilingual Malaysia, showing that subtle combinations of consonant and vowel features distinguish speakers. Even a single word carries identifiable acoustic cues. The findings highlight how listeners rapidly perceive identity through speech and emphasize the human complexity underlying language in an era of speech technology.