This research develops a framework for designing haptic technologies in virtual reality that balance immersion and practicality. By accounting for differences in body sensitivity, it introduces affordable, scalable devices—gloves, facial haptics, jackets, and floors—that enable full-body tactile feedback, bringing realistic touch into VR experiences.

This research explores sprayable electroluminescent materials that allow users to create displays of any shape on almost any surface. By combining conductive 3D-printed structures with sprayed active layers, the project aims to democratise display fabrication, decentralise production, and enable new forms of human–computer interaction beyond traditional rectangular screens.