This research transforms agricultural waste into biochar-based activated carbon for batteries and supercapacitors. By replacing costly materials, it improves energy storage performance while reducing costs, offering a sustainable and affordable solution that turns waste into valuable resources for future energy technologies.

Batteries charge slowly and degrade over time. This research develops advanced supercapacitors using novel 2D materials and water-based electrolytes. The resulting devices charge rapidly, store five times more energy than conventional supercapacitors, last over 50,000 cycles, and offer a fast, affordable alternative for electric vehicles and energy storage.

This research develops a high-performance supercapacitor using a conductive iron-based metal–organic framework. By overcoming low electrical conductivity, the material enables rapid charging and long cycle life, achieving storage performance three times higher than existing designs. The work advances next-generation energy storage solutions beyond conventional batteries.