This research transforms human urine into sustainable fertilizer using solar-powered systems that recover nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. By turning toilets into decentralized fertilizer factories, the approach improves sanitation, reduces reliance on energy-intensive production, and provides affordable fertilizers to underserved farmers, supporting both environmental sustainability and economic development.

Electricity access doesn’t always translate into real development benefits. In Timor-Leste, “100% access” still leaves hospitals dark at night. A review of global evidence shows that over a third of electrification outcomes are neutral or negative. This research explores barriers that limit electricity’s impact to inform better policy and community support.