This research examines gender promotion gaps by analyzing policies, retention, and performance together. While promotion policies are gender-neutral and retention explains part of the gap, differences in measured performance—driven by reduced working hours—account for most disparities. Results show that how performance is defined critically shapes outcomes and policy effectiveness.

Eastern red cedar is an invasive species causing ecological and economic damage across Oklahoma. This research develops an economic decision-support model to transform cedar into valuable products by optimizing supply chains, reducing risk for investors, and supporting sustainable industry development that benefits the state economy.