This research uses differential equations to model how people move between law-abiding life, crime, and incarceration. By simulating rehabilitation, overcrowding, and policy changes, the work shows how prisons can sometimes produce crime—and how evidence-based mathematical models can guide smarter decisions that reduce crime and build safer communities.

Police are increasingly the first responders to mental-distress calls despite minimal mental-health training. Through ride-alongs, interviews and analysis, the research shows people in crisis often receive coercive, criminal-justice responses instead of care. The work calls for major investment in mental-health services and redesigned systems to ensure appropriate, compassionate support.