This research investigates the safety of hydrogen vehicles and refuelling infrastructure using advanced computer simulations of fires and explosions. Findings suggest protective barriers can reduce blast pressures by 60–90%. The work provides evidence for future safety standards, helping enable wider adoption of hydrogen transportation while protecting people, property, and communities.

Using a European energy system model, this research compares pathways to climate neutrality by 2050. Focusing on land transport, it shows that electric vehicles are already the cheapest system-wide option, even without emission limits. Early investment in electric car infrastructure accelerates decarbonization and reduces long-term costs across Europe.